The women’s movement of Cheondogyo under Japanese colonial rule began with the formation of a women’s group that inherited Inaecheon’s Donghak spirit. A representative example is the Cheondogyo Youth Women’s Association (1923), which was established as a new cultural movement of the Cheondogyo Youth Party. Its main platform was to build a new world of ‘coexistence of men and women(兩性雙輔)’ and to improve the status of women. The cause of humanity’s history of oppression of women is the barbarism that leads to natural killings, human murders, and human domination. In addition, the cause is the degrading of women in religious discourse and the defeat of women in the division of roles between men and women as the society moves from a matriarchal society to a paternal society. As women’s roles were limited to private and consumptive household chores, and men engaged in public and productive areas, women became insignificant and men became important. The Cheondogyo women’s movement under Japanese colonial rule took into account various factors of women’s oppression and placed emphasis on women’s social advancement as well as housework. In addition, women themselves sought to achieve women’s liberation and human liberation by becoming the subject of the reform of the family and the new world. And its ideological foundation was placed on Donghak’s thougth and was promoted as ‘Salamseongism(人乃天主義)’, a new word coined by Lee Don-hwa.