The purpose of this study is to investigate the life and overall activities of Son Pil-gyu, an independence activist in the Nonsan region. This will be an opportunity to revitalize the study of local figures by systematically and in-depth approach to the history of the independence movement in the Nonsan region. The research is to be divided into five parts. First, I focused on Son Pil-kyu’s family tree, his character and economic situation. Second, it is the process from the entrance of Donghak to the return to Cheondogyo through Sicheongyo. Third, after Kim Nak-cheol’s death, he started his own activities, and it is the period until ‘the March First Independence Movement of 1919’(3·1운동) in Nonsan and ‘Cheondogyo’s specially donated rice supply activities’(천도교 특별성미금모금운동). Fourth, it is the period from the time of ‘the March First Independence Movement of 1919’ to his death due to ‘Japan’s Defeat Prayer Movement of 1938’(무인멸왜기도운동). Fifth, it describes the activities of unfolding a return suit against the seizure of land by the Japanese Government-General. The research method relied on Kim Nak-cheol’s diary, trial records, newspaper materials, and Cheondogyo-related records, but supplemented the historical limitations with the testimonies of Son Pil-gyu’s descendants and Kim Nak-cheol’s descendants. What was lacking in Son Pil-kyu’s actions was inferred through Kim Nak-cheol’s actions. Due to his influence and active activities in the region, he was classified as an important surveillance figure and has always been subject to Japanese surveillance. He had no greed for money and power, so he always made wise choices with upright beliefs even on dangerous boundaries, and was a person who lived for faith until the last moment.