‘Monastery’ means ‘a place where monks practice themselves while living a communal life’. It is a historically proven fact that the institutionalization of Christian monasteries provided an opportunity to promote faith and solidify the religious system. Of course, such a system did not exist only in Christianity. In other religions other than Catholicism and Protestantism, there were also monasteries named by other names, and they still exist today. In this study, it is developed on the premise that there may be other characteristics of monasteries in each different cultural and historical soil. In particular, this study focuses on the question of what kind of characteristics the monastery of Cheondogyo, a unique Korean religion located outside the cultural and historical tradition of the West, has. On this premise, this essay proceeds as follows. First, in religion, what kind of role did the monastery play in the development of religion and what function of the monastery contributed to that development? In this chapter, on the premise of examining the origins of monasteries in general, the roles and functions of monasteries, especially those that emerged within the Christian tradition, are examined. Second, here, based on the discussion in the previous chapter, the aspect of the monastery that appeared in the historical development of Donghak·Cheondogyo is considered. Especially, in this chapter we examine the origins of Cheondogyo monasteries and seek to an understanding of their current state. Third, the overall trend of Cheondogyo monasteries scattered across the country is examined. This review aims to diagnose the future prospects of the development of Cheondogyo through the analysis of the current status and problems of the Cheondogyo monasteries.